Abstract The objective of the present study was to characterize the physicochemical composition and to quantify the fatty acids of chocolates produced from different cocoa varieties (Theobroma cacao L.) cultivated in the Southern Region of Bahia. Nine samples of monovarietal chocolates were evaluated, according to their physical, thermal and fatty acid profile. The results were subjected to tests of variance and multivariate statistics. The chocolates PH16 and TSH1188 presented higher melting point. It was possible to identify a linear correlation between the fat content of the chocolates and the break force parameter. The chocolates showed higher concentration of saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), followed by the unsaturated fatty acids among which oleic acid (18:1n-9) and linoleic acid (18:6) were predominant. The principal component analysis allowed to discriminate the different varieties of chocolate according to the profile of fatty acids. The thermogravimetric analysis of the samples showed a similar profile. The differences found in the samples of chocolates were attributed to factors such as the fruit maturation process, the cocoa variety and to which they were subjected during processing.

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the performance of different drying methods in the development of phenolic compounds, methylxanthines, and antioxidant activity in cocoa bean and to evaluate the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA). Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH, FRAP, ORAC and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. Phenolic compounds and methylxanthines were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). OTA was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLR). It was found that during cocoa drying, there was a reduction in antioxidant activity with reduced phenolic compound content (0.04 mg.g-1 of catechin before drying to 0.02 mg.g-1 after drying) and reduced methylxanthines (19.44 mg.g -1 of theobromine before drying to 11.71 mg.g-1 after drying). Only one sample showed contamination by OTA (7.1 μg.kg-1). The traditional drying method showed the highest conservation of antioxidant activity and methylxanthine and phenolic compound content.

RESUMO O umbu é um fruto muito apreciado pela população da região Nordeste brasileira, porém apresenta grande perecibilidade. A produção de barras alimentícias à base de frutas torna-se interessante por permitir o aproveitamento tecnológico de matérias-primas nobres, além de reduzir perdas pós-colheita de umbus. Os objetivos deste estudo foram produzir barras de cereais sem adição de açúcar e com sabor de umbu, e realizar a caracterização química, física e sensorial dos produtos desenvolvidos. Foram estudados quatro tratamentos dietéticos, usando gomas como agentes ligantes e sucralose e acessulfame como adoçantes: BUA (goma arábica), BUC (carragena), BUT (tara), BUX (xantana) e o tratamento-controle BUCT (com xarope de glicose e sacarose). Os resultados das avaliações realizadas foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p=0,05). Os produtos apresentaram elevados teores de proteínas, fibra alimentar, lipídios e matéria mineral. O tratamento BUX apresentou melhor aceitação pelos consumidores quanto aos atributos aroma, sabor, textura, qualidade global, e mais alto percentual de intenção positiva de compra (58 %), seguido pelo tratamento BUT (33%). Os tratamentos BUCT, BUC e BUA foram menos aceitos pelos consumidores, devido a menores escores para sua qualidade global. O uso da polpa de umbu e goma na produção de barras de cereais dietéticas mostrou ser uma boa alternativa para reduzir as perdas da fruta e para agregar valor ao produto, que demonstrou potencial para o mercado consumidor em geral e, também, para indivíduos com restrição ao uso da sacarose.

ABSTRACT Umbu is a fruit very appreciated by the Brazilian Northeast people, but these fruits show great perishability. Cereal bars production with fruits addition is interesting because allow the technological use of noble raw materials, besides to reduce umbu post-harvest losses. The aims of this study were the production of diet bars with umbu pulp and to carry out the chemical, physical and sensory characterization of these products. Different gums were studied as binder agents and sucralose and acesulfame-K as sweeteners, in the elaboration of four treatments of diet bars: BUA (Arabic gum), BUC (carrageenan), BUT (tara), BUX (xanthan) and the control treatment BUCT (with glucose syrup and sucrose). The chemical, physical and sensory data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p=0.05). The results revealed that the products presented high contents of protein, dietary fibers, lipids and ash. The BUX treatment reached better acceptance by the consumers related to odor, flavor, texture and overall quality attributes; it revealed higher positive purchase intention (58 %), followed by the BUT treatment (33%). The BUCT, BUC and BUA treatments reached lower acceptance by the consumers due to lower score to overall quality. The use of umbu pulp and gum in the preparation of diet cereal bar showed to be a good alternative to reduce fruit loss and to increase market value of the products that presented potential for consumers in general or with restriction to the use of sucrose.

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the impact of the roasting temperature (80, 120 and 160 °C) and time (20, 40 and 60 min) of cocoa beans on the sensory acceptability of chocolate using response surface methodology. The results revealed that there was higher impact of roasting temperature and no influence of roasting time (in the studied levels). Lower score of consumers’ sensory acceptability was found at higher roasting temperature of cocoa beans (160 °C). The chocolate samples presented undesirable burnt odor and flavor. Roasting temperatures range 90 to 110 °C were found optimum for higher consumer’s acceptability scores (appearance, aroma, flavor, texture and overall quality attributes). Ten trained assessors consensually defined fifteen descriptors showing similarities and differences among the chocolate samples, using the methodology based on Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. The Principal Component Analysis showed that A, B and C treatments (80 °C) were characterized primarily by the brown color, sweet aroma and flavor attributes. The treatments D, E and F (120 °C) were characterized by reddish brown color, bitterness, burnt aroma and flavor, astringency attributes.

Abstract Our objective was to characterize the protease enzymatic activity and its isoenzymes on cacao cultivars PH 16 and TSH 1188, produced in southern Bahia, linking it to the conditions of the fermentation process. Proteases were extracted and semi-purified, their activities determined changing substrate, pH and temperature, and the values compared with the parameters of fermentation (pH and temperature), and yet determined the kinetic parameters and the activity of its isoenzymes: aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase and endoprotease. In the experimental conditions, differences in protease activities were shown as to different cocoa cultivars on various conditions. The albumin stands out as the preferred enzyme substrate, in a pH range between 3 and 6 and temperatures between 29 ° C and 50 ° C. As for the isoenzymes activity, an increased activity in these seeds and in the cultivar TSH 1188 was observed. When correlated with the fermentative parameters, the conditions for enzymatic activity are not the best determined, with emphasis on farming pH 16 presenting its fermentation conditions far from those found as optimal, especially in pH evaluation, since temperature varies very little between the two cultivars.

Abstract The fermentation of cocoa seeds envolves microbial processes and the action of enzymes. To identify the possible differences in the cocoa fermentation process, with regards to proteolysis, this study has the objective of determining protease activity (under predetermined conditions) and its isoenzymes in two cocoa cultivars (PH-16 and HRT-1188) in different cocoa fermentation times, in addition to establishing the microbial load (molds and yeasts and aerobic mesophilic). Protease and its isoenzymes were extracted and partially purified and the enzymatic activities determined by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the proteases activity was higher at 66h of fermentation for both cultivars. When the isoenzymes activity was evaluated, the results demonstrated similar activity behavior for both cultivars, with regards to the isoenzymes aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase, although the behavior of the endoprotease isoenzyme activity proved to be a little different for TSH-1188 cultivar. Concerning microbiological analyses, the results indicate that the period after molds and yeast counting reduction is consistent with the period of protease activity increase.

Abstract The reactions leading to the formation of precursors of chocolate flavor are performed by endogenous enzymes present in the cocoa seed. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) presence and activity during fermentation of cocoa beans is responsible for the development of flavor precursors and is also implicated in the reduction of bitterness and astringency. However, the reliability of cocoa enzyme activities is complicated due to variations in different genotypes, geographical origins and methods of fermentation. In addition, there is still a lack of systematic studies comparing different cocoa cultivars. So, the present study was designed to characterize the activity of PPO in the pulp and seeds of two cocoa cultivars, PH 16 and TSH 1188. The PPO activity was determined spectrophotometrically and characterized as the optimal substrate concentration, pH and temperature and the results were correlated with the conditions during the fermentation process. The results showed the specificity and differences between the two cocoa cultivars and between the pulp and seeds of each cultivar. It is suggested that specific criteria must be adopted for each cultivar, based on the optimal PPO parameters, to prolong the period of maximum PPO activity during fermentation, contributing to the improvement of the quality of cocoa beans.

One component that contribute to the flavor and aroma of chocolate are the polyphenols, which have received much attention due to their beneficial implications to human health. Besides bioactive action, polyphenols and methylxantines are responsible for astringency and bitterness in cocoa beans. Another important point is its drastic reduction during cocoa processing for chocolate production and the difference between cultivars. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the modifications in monomeric phenolic compounds and methylxanthines during fermentation of three cocoa cultivars grown in southern Bahia. Cocoa beans from three cultivars were fermented and sun dried and monomeric phenolic compounds and methylxantines were determinated. The results showed that each cultivar have different amounts of phenolic compounds and the behaviour of them is different during fermentation. The amount of methylxantines varied but there was not a pattern for methylxantines behavior during process. In addition a huge reduction in phenolic compounds could be observed after drying. Differently of phenolic compounds, methylxantines did not have great modification after sun drying. So, the differences observed in this study between cultivars, take to the conclusion that the compounds studied in those cocoa cultivars have different behavior during fermentation and drying, which consequently, give to these cultivars differences in sensory characteristics.

O "mel de cacau" é uma denominação regional do líquido transparente extraído da polpa do cacau, que cobre as sementes, antes do processo de fermentação do cacau. Este material é atrativo do ponto de vista de seus aspectos sensorial e tecnológico; entretanto, seu uso para o consumo ainda é restrito. O propósito deste estudo foi produzir geleia dietética usando o "mel de cacau" e realizar a caracterização química e sensorial dos produtos. Para a preparação das geleias, foram usados os seguintes ingredientes: pectina de baixo grau de metoxilação, polidextrose, sorbitol, maltitol, fosfato tricálcico, sorbato de potássio e cacau em pó. As geleias dietéticas estudadas foram: F1 (0,0015% taumatina e 0,005% sucralose); F2 (0,0015% taumatina e 0,002% acessulfame-k); F3 (0,005% sucralose e 0,002% acessulfame-k). Foi produzido, também, um tratamento-controle (com 40,0% de sacarose). Os dados químicos e sensoriais foram analisados por ANOVA, teste de Tukey e Mapa de Preferência Interno (MDPREF). O tratamento F3 (sucralose e acessulfame-k) foi a geleia dietética preferida dos consumidores. Esta diferiu significativamente (p<0.05) dos tratamentos F1 (taumatina e sucralose) e F2 (taumatina e acessulfame-k) em relação aos atributos cor, aroma de chocolate, gosto doce, gosto ácido, sabor de chocolate e consistência; obteve, também, maior nota para intenção de compra. O uso do adoçante taumatina mostrou-se inadequado por não prover doçura à geleia de "mel de cacau". Os resultados indicaram a viabilidade do aproveitamento tecnológico do "mel de cacau" como matéria-prima na preparação de geleia dietética, que apresentou boas características sensoriais e nutricionais.

The "cocoa honey" is a local denomination to the clear liquid extracted from the cocoa mass, which cover the seeds, before the cocoa fermentation process. This material is attractive regarding its sensory and technological aspects; however, its use for consumption is still restricted. The purpose of this study was to produce diet jelly using the "cocoa honey" and to carry out the chemical and sensory characterization of the products. For the preparation of the jellies were used the following ingredients: slow metoxilation grade pectin, polidextrose, sorbitol, maltitol, tricalcium phosphate, potassium sorbate and cocoa powder. The diet jellies studied were: F1 (0.0015% thaumatin and 0.005% sucralose); F2 (0.0015% thaumatin and 0.002% acesulfame-k); F3 (0.005% sucralose and 0.002% acesulfame-k). It also was produced a control treatment (40.0% sucrose). The chemical and sensory data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey test and Internal Preference Map (MDPREF). The F3 treatment (sucralose and acesulfame-k) was the favorite diet jelly by the consumers, it differed significantly (p<0.05) of F1 (thaumatin and sucralose) and F2 (thaumatin and acesulfame-k) treatments related to color, chocolate odor, sweet taste, acid taste, chocolate flavor and consistency attributes; it also obtained higher purchase intention score. The use of the thaumatin sweetener showed unsuitable, it did not replace the sweetness in the jelly of "cocoa honey". The results indicated the feasibility of technological profit of the "cocoa honey" as raw material in the preparation of diet jelly, which presented good sensory and nutritional characteristics.

O chocolate pode ser definido como uma suspensão de partículas sólidas (açúcar, sólidos de cacau e sólidos de leite) em uma fase gordurosa contínua, que contribui para o aroma, o sabor e a cor, além de promover forma ao produto final. A reologia de chocolates é quantificada durante a produção usando-se dois parâmetros: tensão inicial (yield stress) e viscosidade aparente (plástica), em que, geralmente, se utiliza o modelo de Casson. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar reologicamente formulações de chocolates produzidos a partir de diferentes cultivares de cacau. As amostras de chocolate foram formuladas com 73,6% de cacau e foram realizadas as seguintes análises: determinação do teor de lipídeos; composição em triacilgliceróis; testes reológicos, e análise do tamanho máximo de partículas. O chocolate proveniente da cultivar PH16 apresentou menor conteúdo de gordura (36,53 g.100 g–1), maior tamanho de partículas (21 µm), maior valor de tensão inicial (20,91 Pa) e maior área de histerese, com mais ampla tixotropia quando comparada às amostras dos chocolates provenientes das cultivares SR162 e Convencional. Os resultados encontrados no estudo reológico mostraram a interferência do conteúdo de gordura e do tamanho de partículas na tensão inicial dos produtos.

Chocolate can be defined as a suspension of solid particles (sugar, cocoa solids and milk solids) in a continuous fat phase, which contributes to the aroma, flavour and colour, besides giving form to the final product. The rheology of chocolates is measured during production using two parameters: the yield stress and the apparent viscosity (plastic), generally using the Casson model. The objective of this study was to rheologically evaluate chocolate formulations produced from different cocoa cultivars. The chocolate samples were formulated with 73.6% of cocoa, and analyzed for their lipid content, triacylglycerol profile, rheological tests and the maximum particle size. The chocolate obtained from the cultivar PH16 showed the lowest fat content (36.53 g.100 g–1), largest particle size (21 µm), highest yield stress (20.91 Pa), greater hysteresis area and more ample thixotropy, when compared to samples of chocolates from the cultivars SR162 and Conventional. The results of the rheological studies showed the interference of the fat content and particle size on the yield stress of the products.

O presente estudo avaliou a qualidade sensorial de chocolates obtidos de dois cultivares de cacau (PH16 e SR162) resistentes ao fungo Moniliophtora perniciosa, comparando com uma cultivar convencional que não é resistente à doença. A aceitabilidade dos chocolates foi avaliada, as cultivares promissores com atributos sensoriais e comerciais relevantes poderão ser indicadas aos produtores de cacau e processadores de chocolates. A terminologia descritiva e o perfil sensorial dos chocolates foram desenvolvidos com base na Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ). Dez provadores, selecionados de acordo com sua capacidade de discriminação e reprodutibilidade, definiram onze descritores sensoriais, seus respectivos materiais de referência e a ficha de avaliação. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA, Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e teste de Tukey, para comparação de médias. Os resultados revelaram diferenças significativas entre os perfis sensoriais dos chocolates. Os chocolates oriundos da cultivar PH16 foram caracterizados pela cor marrom mais escura, sabor e aroma de chocolate mais intenso, sabor mais amargo e textura mais firme, que são importantes atributos sensoriais e comerciais. Os chocolates oriundos da cultivar SR162 foram caracterizados pela doçura mais intensa e maior derretimento, e os chocolates provenientes da cultivar convencional apresentaram características sensoriais intermediárias entre aquelas dos outros dois chocolates. Todas as amostras apresentaram elevada aceitação, mas os chocolates das cultivares PH16 e convencional obtiveram maiores índices de intenção de compra.

The present study evaluated the sensory quality of chocolates obtained from two cocoa cultivars (PH16 and SR162) resistant to Moniliophtora perniciosa mould comparing to a conventional cocoa that is not resistant to the disease. The acceptability of the chocolates was assessed and the promising cultivars with relevant sensory and commercial attributes could be indicated to cocoa producers and chocolate manufacturers. The descriptive terminology and the sensory profile of chocolates were developed by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). Ten panelists, selected on the basis of their discriminatory capacity and reproducibility, defined eleven sensory descriptors, their respective reference materials and the descriptive evaluation ballot. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Tukey's test to compare the means. The results revealed significant differences among the sensory profiles of the chocolates. Chocolates from the PH16 cultivar were characterized by a darker brown color, more intense flavor and odor of chocolate, bitterness and a firmer texture, which are important sensory and commercial attributes. Chocolates from the SR162 cultivar were characterized by a greater sweetness and melting quality and chocolates from the conventional treatment presented intermediate sensory characteristics between those of the other two chocolates. All samples indicated high acceptance, but chocolates from the PH16 and conventional cultivars obtained higher purchase intention scores.

A "vassoura bruxa" causada pelo fungo Moniliophthora perniciosa, é uma das doenças mais importantes do cacau na América Latina, provocando uma redução de cerca de 70% na produção das amêndoas na Bahia. Para tentar resolver o problema, muitos cultivares resistentes à enfermidade têm sido recomendados para os agricultores. Por outro lado, as características do chocolate são oriundas de várias substâncias, cuja formação depende da origem genética do fruto, do meio ambiente onde o cacau é cultivado e das operações de processamento. Assim, neste trabalho, objetivou-se determinar os compostos fenólicos monoméricos, metilxantinas e a atividade antioxidante em massa de cacau e chocolates provenientes de cultivares resistentes à "vassoura de bruxa" e não resistentes à doença. Os compostos fenólicos totais na massa de cacau não variou entre os cultivares com valores que variam entre 25,03mg g-1 a 23,95mg g-1. Chocolates feitos a partir de cultivares não resistentes à doença apresentaram maior teor de fenólicos totais (19,11mg g-1) que os cultivares resistentes, SR162 e PH16 com 16,08mg.g-1 e 15,46 mg.g-1, respectivamente. Os conteúdos de epicatequina foram superiores aos de catequina em todos os cultivares. Houve diferenças significativas entre as amostras de massa de cacau analisadas para a cafeína. Chocolates produzidos a partir do cultivar SR162 apresentaram maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos e metilxantinas. A amostra de chocolate com a atividade antioxidante mais elevada é a SR162, seguida dos cultivares não resistentes e PH16, mostrando uma relação entre a atividade antioxidante e o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos monoméricos.

The "witch broom disease" caused by the fungus called Moniliophthora perniciosa is one of the most important cocoa diseases in Latin America, causing around 70% production reduction in the southern Bahia. In attempt to solve the problem, many cultivars resistant to the disease have been recommended to farmers. On the other hand, the chocolate flavour is composed by many compounds whose formation depends on the genetic background, environment where cocoa is grown and processing operations. Therefore, this work aimed at determining the monomeric phenolic compounds, methylxanthines and antioxidant activity of cocoa mass and dark chocolate from cocoa cultivars resistant to "witch broom disease" and non resistant to the disease. The total phenolic compounds in cocoa mass did not vary among cultivars with values ranging from 23.95mg g-1 to 25.03mg g-1. Chocolates made from non resistant cultivars showed higher total phenolic compounds (19.11mg g-1) than SR162 and PH16 with 16.08mg g-1 and 15.46mg g-1, respectively. Epicatechin had higher content than catechin and the levels of these two compounds were higher in SR162. There were significant differences among samples of cocoa mass analyzed for caffeine. Chocolate made from SR162 had the highest amount of monomeric compounds due to its high concentration of catechin and epicatechin. The chocolate sample with the highest antioxidant activity was the SR162, followed by non resistant blend and PH16, showing relationship between the antioxidant activity and monomeric phenolics content.

Diversos fatores podem contribuir para a variabilidade na composição das diferentes espécies de pescado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, identificar as espécies de pescado mais produzidas no Estado da Bahia, avaliar seu valor nutricional e realizar um levantamento das empresas beneficiadoras de pescado do Estado. Um questionário foi aplicado às beneficiadoras de pescado para a caracterização das empresas. Segundo a Bahia Pesca (2005), as espécies mais produzidas são: o camarão-rosa (Penaeus brasiliensis), representando 21,8% da produção estadual; a sardinha (Opisthonema oglinum), 10,2%; os vermelhos com as espécies guaiúba (Ocyurus chrysurus) e o ariacó (Lutjanus synagris), 6,6%; seguidos pela tainha (Mugil spp.), 4,1%. De acordo com o valor nutricional das espécies analisadas, a guaiúba foi considerada melhor para o consumo, por possuir menor teor de lipídios totais (0,82%) e gordura saturada (28,74%). A produção de 43% das beneficiadoras de pescado do Estado da Bahia está entre 10 e 50 ton/mês e a principal dificuldade apresentada foi a falta de investimento do governo no setor.

Several factors can contribute to the variability in the composition of the different species of fish. The objective of this work was to identify the most frequently consumed fish species in the State of Bahia to evaluate their nutritional value and to compile a list of fish processing companies in the State. A questionnaire was applied to the companies to characterize them. According to Bahia Pesca (2005), the most frequently consumed species are the shrimp-rose (Penaeus brasiliensis), accounting for 21.8% of the state production, the sardine (Opisthonema oglinum),10.2%, and the reds, especially guaiúba (Ocyurus chrysurus) and ariacó (Lutjanus synagris), 6.6%, followed by the mullet (Mugil spp.), 4.1%, respectively. Considering the nutritional value of the analyzed fish, the guaiúba was considered the best for consumption due to its smaller content of total lipids (0.82%) and saturated fat (28.74%). The production of 43% of the companies of the State of Bahia is around 10 to 50 ton/month, and the major difficulty found was poor investment in the sector by the government.

A Análise Descritiva Quantitativa(ADQ) foi empregada para caracterização das amostras de pós de cacau que representaram a amplitude do delineamento composto rotacional central 2 do processo de alcalinização dos "nibs" de cacau. As variáveis independentes foram faixas de temperatura de 60 a 120 ºC, de tempo de 30 a 150min e de concentração de K2CO3 de 1,22 a 4,78%. Foram avaliadas oito amostras de pó de cacau representativas das variações de cor e aceitabilidade do total das amostras obtidas experimentalmente e duas amostras de marcas comerciais. A análise do aroma foi feita diretamente nos pós de cacau alcalinizados e a dos demais atributos na forma de bebida achocolatada (2% do pó de cacau e 7% de açúcar em leite desnatado esterilizado). Doze provadores selecionados com base no seu poder de discriminação, reprodutibilidade e concordância com a equipe geraram em consenso, pelo método de rede (Kelly's Repertory Grid Method), três termos descritos para o aroma (alcalino, chocolate e queimado) e doze para os achocolatados (solubilidade, marrom, marrom avermelhado, chocolate, queimado, caramelo, doce, adstringente, alcalino, amargo, salgado e corpo). As avaliações das amostras foram feitas monadicamente com três repetições e em cabines individuais. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a ANOVA, teste de Tukey e Análise de Componentes Principais. As avaliações dos aromas dos pós de cacau mostraram relação direta entre o aroma alcalino e os teores de álcali, temperatura e tempo do processo. De modo geral, os produtos com menores concentrações de K2CO3 (1,22 - 3,00% ) apresentaram aroma e sabor de chocolate mais fortes. Encontrou-se uma relação direta entre os teores de álcali no produto e o sabor alcalino, queimado e adstringente e uma relação inversa com a luminosidade da cor. Assim, as amostras com maior concentração de K2CO3 (4,78%), foram consideradas pela equipe sensorial, as de mais forte sabor e aroma alcalino, queimado e adstringente, assim como de cor marrom e marrom avermelhado mais escura. Todos os processos levaram à obtenção de amostras com alta solubilidade e fraco sabor amargo.

The Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (ADQ) was used aiming to show the sensory characterization of cocoa powder samples representing the range of a central composite design, 2³ of the process of alkalization of the cocoa "nibs" using variables independent such as temperature (60, 72, 90 and 108 ºC), time (30, 54, 90, 126 and 150min) and concentration of K2CO3(0.0, 1.22, 3.0 and 4.78%). Two commercial samples of alkalinized cocoa powder were appraised. The analysis of the flavour was accomplished in the alkalinized cocoa powders and the other atributes in the chocolate beverage form (2% of the alkalinized cocoa powders and 7% of sugar in skimmed sterilized milk). Twelve panelists were selectedbased in their to detect setterness, reliability and agreement with the panel. The data were evaluated by means of variance analysis ANOVA for the factors sample and panelist, as well as of the interaction sample x panelist. The Tukey test was applied for comparison of the averages of samples at the level of 5%. The principal components technique was applied to the data, obtaining the configuration of the samples considering all attributes. Roughly samples with K2CO3 between 1.22 to 3.0% and one of the commercial samples were considered with stronger chocolate flavour, as well as, weaker alkaline flavour and taste. Samples with K2CO3 with 4,78% were considered the darkest color and strongest alkaline flavour and astringency. For the chocolate beverage there was no significant difference at 5% level in relation to solubility and bitter flavor.

Foram estudadas as condições do processamento e a aceitabilidade da lingüiça de vongole (Anomalocardia brasiliana), além de avaliar a estabilidade do produto congelado sob os aspectos químico, físico-químico, microbiológico e sensorial. O produto final obedeceu a seguinte formulação: 48% vongole, 5% proteína texturizada de soja, 15% água, 25% gordura suína, 3% albumina, 2% pré-mistura (sais de cura e NaCl), 1,5% condimentos e 0,5% urucum. O produto congelado ficou armazenado à temperatura de -18ºC durante três meses; periodicamente foi avaliado quanto ao pH, umidade, proteínas, lipídios, NBV, índice de peróxidos, reação de Kreiss, quanto à presença de microrganismos patogênicos e toxigênicos e quanto à aparência, aroma, sabor, textura. Os resultados apontaram que a lingüiça de vongole teve uma boa aceitação, com IA entre 78-87% para todos os atributos avaliados, especialmente em relação ao sabor e textura. As amostras foram avaliadas como sabor ideal de marisco e sabor ideal de condimentos por 66,67% e 73,33% dos provadores, respectivamente. Os resultados com o teste de atitude de intenção de compra mostraram que 46,67% dos consumidores tinham intenção provável ou certa de compra do produto. Os resultados da avaliação microbiológica, físico-química, química e sensorial da lingüiça de vongole, indicaram que o produto manteve-se estável, durante 90 dias de armazenamento a temperatura de -18ºC.

It was studied the process and the acceptibility of the vongole (Anomalocardia brasiliana) sausage, beyond to evaluate the stability of the frozen product as to chemical, physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory aspects. The vongole sausage had the following formulation: 48% vongole, 5% soy protein, 15% water, 25% swine fat, 3% albumin, 2% blend of cure salts and NaCl, 1.5% flavouring, 0.5% colouring. The final product was stored during three months at -18ºC, and the shelf life study included pH, moisture, proteins, lipids, nitrogen total volatile base, lipid oxidation tests, pathogenic and toxigenic microorganisms analysis, overall appearance, odour, flavour, texture avaliatons. According to sensorial analyses, the vongole sausage reached good score; it acceptibility index (AI) was 78-87% for the all evaluated attributes, specially for flavour and texture. The product was evaluated as ideal vongole flavour and ideal seasoning flavour for 66.67% and 73.33% of the tasters, respectivelly. The results of the purchase intention test showed that 46.67% of the consumers had probable or certain intention to buy the product. The data of microbiological, physico-chemical, chemical and sensory analyses showed that the vongole sausage was stable during three months at -18ºC.